Fig. 2From: Quantifying heterogeneity in individual participant data meta-analysis with binary outcomesTrue Ï„ 2 versus estimated I 2. The estimated I 2 from a conventional two-stage model and a simulation-based one-stage model are compared with the true between-study variance. The dashed line and dotted line represented the estimated I 2 from the two-stage and one-stage models based on its median value across 1000 datasetsBack to article page