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Animal Subjects
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Matching model to age of patients in clinical setting
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Middle aged to elderly animal model used
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Incidence of PeriopMI increases over age 50; age >75 is an independent risk factor for PeriopMI [46]
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Matching model to co-morbidities in clinical setting
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Animal model has ≥ 1 co-morbidity risk factor for PeriopMI, either chronic or acute (e.g. atherosclerosis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypotension, acute blood loss)
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Co-morbidities listed are independent risk factors for PeriopMI [47]
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Outcome Measures
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Matching of outcome measure to clinical setting
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Late outcome measures performed (e.g. >3 weeks when scar formation and acute changes are complete)
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A longer follow-up duration may reflect chronic effects of an acute therapy for PeriopMI
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Modeling of Disease
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Matching model to human manifestation of disease
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Model reflects elements of Type 1 MI (e.g. plaque rupture) and/or Type 2 (e.g. supply demand imbalance)
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Clinical PeriopMI displays aspects of Type 1 and Type 2 MI [30, 42]
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A pro-inflammatory state is reported
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Clinical PeriopMI has a large inflammatory burden [19]
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Administration of Intervention
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Treatment response along mechanistic pathway
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Therapy given as a pretreatment (i.e. preventative) or within the first 48 h after anesthesia
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Majority of PeriopMI occurs within the first 48 h after surgery
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Environment
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Address confounds associated with setting, experimental setting
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Post-operative analgesia provided
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Inadeqaute post-operative analgesia increases systemic inflammation
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