Construct validity domain | Criteria from guidelinesa,b | Specific application to PeriopMI | Justification | Yes/No |
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Animal Subjects | Matching model to age of patients in clinical setting | Middle aged to elderly animal model used | Incidence of PeriopMI increases over age 50; age >75 is an independent risk factor for PeriopMI [46] | Â |
Matching model to co-morbidities in clinical setting | Animal model has ≥ 1 co-morbidity risk factor for PeriopMI, either chronic or acute (e.g. atherosclerosis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypotension, acute blood loss) | Co-morbidities listed are independent risk factors for PeriopMI [47] |  | |
Outcome Measures | Matching of outcome measure to clinical setting | Late outcome measures performed (e.g. >3 weeks when scar formation and acute changes are complete) | A longer follow-up duration may reflect chronic effects of an acute therapy for PeriopMI | Â |
Modeling of Disease | Matching model to human manifestation of disease | Model reflects elements of Type 1 MI (e.g. plaque rupture) and/or Type 2 (e.g. supply demand imbalance) | Clinical PeriopMI displays aspects of Type 1 and Type 2 MI [30, 42] | Â |
A pro-inflammatory state is reported | Clinical PeriopMI has a large inflammatory burden [19] | Â | ||
Administration of Intervention | Treatment response along mechanistic pathway | Therapy given as a pretreatment (i.e. preventative) or within the first 48 h after anesthesia | Majority of PeriopMI occurs within the first 48 h after surgery | Â |
Environment | Address confounds associated with setting, experimental setting | Post-operative analgesia provided | Inadeqaute post-operative analgesia increases systemic inflammation | Â |