Table 2 Summary of planned data extraction from full-text articles selected for inclusion in the scoping review
From: Sex and gender considerations in transplantation research: protocol for a scoping review
Study characteristics | Extracted data |
General information | • Authors, country of origin, title, year of publication |
Study design | • Systematic review/meta-analysis, interventional (RCT), observational (cohort, case-control, cross sectional/survey) • For longitudinal studies, the beginning and end year of the study |
Study type | • Descriptive and/or analytical |
Population characteristics | • Selection criteria (inclusion/exclusion) • Adult, pediatric • Waitlisted transplant candidates, transplant recipients and/or donors |
Sample size | • Number of participants (overall, by sex/gender) |
Type of organ under study | • Stem cells, tissues, and/or solid organs |
Exposure, outcome, and covariates | • Exposure: health risk factors/predictors • The main health outcome under study (e.g., patient/graft survival, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, health services access, utilization, interaction with the healthcare system, cost) • Covariates ° Sex related covariates: anatomy (reproductive organ, proportion of fat and muscle), biological variables (hormones, genetic profile, gene expression), physiological variables (blood and serologic parameters) ° Gender-related covariates: gender roles (housework, child care), gender identity (personality traits), gender relationships (social support), institutionalized gender (education level, profession, personal income), behavioral and cultural variables (smoking, drinking, occupation |
Research theme | • Biomedical, clinical, health system/services, population health |
Sex and gender consideration | |
Appropriate application of definitions | • Yes • No (Sex and gender used interchangeably and erroneously) |
Inclusion in the primary research question/objective/hypothesis | • Yes • No |
Consideration in study design | • Are both sexes considered? (y/n) • Were only men or women included? (y/n) • Was an explanation for sex/gender exclusion/inclusion provided (e.g., not necessary, not feasible)? (y/n) |
Consideration in analysis | • How was sex considered in the analyses? ° Descriptive (Table 1) ° Primary exposure (effect size) ° Confounder (included in multivariable models, restriction (sensitivity and/or subgroup analyses) or effect measure modifier (included in interaction terms followed by stratification of the main effect by sex if the interaction term is statistically significant) • How was gender considered in the analyses? ° Gender was accounted for by considering sex-related associations ° Gender story was sought by applying second-level disaggregation by sex ° Gender story was sought by using gender-related variables ° Gender index/score was created to analyze gender independently of sex ▪ Summing up different variables to create a score ▪ Regression variables to predict male/female sex ▪ Factor analysis to capture underlying gender-based constructs ▪ Create a ranking based on the male/female distribution to a single variable |
Consideration in study results reporting | • Were analyses by sex and/or gender clearly presented in the results section, tables, and/or figures? ° Levels of sex and gender integration: ▪ Gender unequal ▪ Gender blind ▪ Gender sensitive ▪ Gender specific ▪ Gender transformative |
Consideration in the discussion, conclusion, and/or recommendations | • Statements, limitations pertinent to sex and gender research |