Table 1 Eligibility criteria for reports

P (population)

Women who had an obstetrical procedure and experienced an adverse event and/or a medical error

Any type of claim related to obstetrical care

I (intervention)

Medical liability reforms and quality improvement strategies, such as reforms, tort reforms, damage award limits, frivolous suit penalties, expert witness requirements, statutes of limitations, immunity provisions, and no-fault compensations

Patient safety initiatives were included if they were policies/models implemented at the population level (e.g., country-wide, state-wide)

C (comparator)

Other policy reforms/models/frameworks

No policy or no comparator

O (outcome)^a

Litigation costs

Cost containment