Table 1 Health coaching logic model

Closed states

Open prisons

Health professionals

Trained coaches

Peer coaches

Goal setting

Content education

Active learning process

Behavioural self-monitoring

Interpersonal relationship with a coach

Adult prisoners

Young offenders

Disease-specific (such as changes in blood pressure, blood sugar control, cholesterol, cardiovascular risk factor, control of pain, weight loss or changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference)

Life and self-management skills (self-efficacy and ability to perform daily activities)

Behavioural and psychosocial outcomes (motivation to self-management, self-confidence, recovery expectation, medical adherence, lifestyle choices and self-reported emotional well-being)