Table 3 Risk-of-bias assessments for trials: (a) included in meta-analysis; (b) not included in meta-analysis
Risk-of-bias domain | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | First author | Year | I | II | IIIa | IIIb | IV | V c | VI | Risk of bias | Risk-of-bias rating |
(a) Included in meta-analysis | |||||||||||
A272 | Colau | 2012 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low a | A |
A103 | Padilha | 2011 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Low a | A |
A120 | Singer | 2010 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Uncertain a | B1* |
A123 | Taylor | 2000 | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Uncertain | B1 |
A47 | Baker | 2003 | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B2 |
A61 | Cornu | 2010 | Y | Y | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A67 | Frass | 2005 | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A93 | Lewith | 2002 | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A275 | Naidoo | 2013 | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A105 | Paris | 2008 | U | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A126 | Tveiten | 1998 | Y | U | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A128 | Vickers | 1998 | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B2 |
A137 | Zabolotnyi | 2007 | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Uncertain | B2 |
A100 | Oberbaum | 2001 | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Uncertain | B3 |
A62 | Diefenbach | 1997 | U | U | Y | U | U | Y | Y | Uncertain | B4 |
A64 | Ferley | 1989 | U | U | Y | U | Y | U | Y | Uncertain | B4 |
A79 | Hofmeyr | 1990 | Y | U | U | U | Y | U | Y | Uncertain | B4 |
A92 | Leaman | 1989 | U | U | Y | Y | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B4 |
A293 | Malapane | 2014 | U | U | U | U | Y | Y | Y | Uncertain | B4 |
A125 | Tveiten | 1991 | U | U | Y | U | U | Y | Y | Uncertain | B4 |
A135 | Wiesenauer | 1995 | U | U | Y | Y | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B4 |
A112 | Reilly | 1994 | U | U | U | U | Y | Y | U | Uncertain | B5 |
A48 | Balzarini | 2000 | U | U | U | U | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B6 |
A75 | GRECHO | 1989 | U | U | U | U | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B6 |
A83 | Kaziro | 1984 | U | U | U | U | U | Y | U | Uncertain | B6 |
A104 | Papp | 1998 | U | U | Y | U | U | U | U | Uncertain | B6 |
A81 | Jacobs | 2007 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | High | C1.0 |
A131 | Wiesenauer | 1985 | Y | U | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | High | C1.1 |
A68 | Freitas | 1995 | Y | U | Y | Y | N | Y | U | High | C1.2 |
A111 | Reilly | 1986 | U | U | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | High | C1.2 |
A113 | Robertson | 2007 | Y | U | Y | Y | N | Y | U | High | C1.2 |
A133 | Wiesenauer | 1990 | U | U | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | High | C1.2 |
A86 | Kim | 2005 | Y | U | U | U | N | Y | Y | High | C1.3 |
A134 | Wiesenauer | 1991 | U | U | Y | U | N | Y | Y | High | C1.3 |
A59 | Cialdella | 2001 | U | U | U | U | N | Y | Y | High | C1.4 |
A63 | Ernst | 1990 | U | U | U | U | Y | Y | N | High | C1.4 |
A56 | Bignamini | 1987 | U | U | U | U | U | Y | N | High | C1.5 |
A84 | Khuda-Bukhsh | 2005 | U | U | U | U | U | U | N | High | C1.6 |
A94 | Lipman | 1999 | U | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | High | C2.1 |
A108 | Rahlfs | 1976 | N | N | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | High | C2.1 |
A70 | Friese | 1997 | U | U | Y | Y | N | N | Y | High | C2.2 |
A74 | Gerhard (a) | 1998 | Y | U | Y | U | N | Y | N | High | C2.2 |
A74 | Gerhard (b) | 1998 | Y | U | Y | U | N | Y | N | High | C2.2 |
A74 | Gerhard (c) | 1998 | Y | U | Y | U | N | Y | N | High | C2.2 |
A89 | Kotlus | 2010 | N | N | U | U | Y | Y | Y | High | C2.2 |
A50 | Belon | 2006 | N | N | U | U | Y | Y | U | High | C2.3 |
A136 | Wolf | 2003 | Y | U | U | U | Y | N | N | High | C2.3 |
A49 | Beer | 1999 | U | U | U | U | Y | N | N | High | C2.4 |
A52 | Bergmann (a) | 2000 | U | U | Y | U | U | N | N | High | C2.4 |
A52 | Bergmann (b) | 2000 | U | U | Y | U | U | N | N | High | C2.4 |
A101 | Oberbaum | 2005 | U | U | U | U | U | N | N | High | C2.5 |
A60 | Clark | 2000 | U | U | U | U | N | N | N | High | C3.4 |
A85 | Khuda-Bukhsh | 2011 | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | High | C5.0 |
A109 | Rahlfs | 1978 | N | N | N d | N | N | Y | Y | High | C5.0 |
(b) Not included in meta-analysis | |||||||||||
A80 | Jacobs | 2006 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N b | Y | High f | C1.0 |
A91 | Labrecque | 1992 | Y | U | Y | Y | U | N b | Y | High e | C1.2 |
A274 | Harrison | 2013 | Y | U | Y | Y | U | N b | U | High e | C1.3 |
A78 | Hitzenberger | 2005 | U | U | Y | U | U | N b | Y | High e | C1.4 |
A277 | Razlog | 2012 | U | U | Y | Y | U | N b | U | High e | C1.4 |
A117 | Seeley | 2006 | U | U | U | U | Y | N b | U | High e | C1.5 |
A55 | Berrebi | 2001 | U | U | U | U | U | N b | U | High e | C1.6 |
A76 | Hart | 1997 | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | N | Y | High | C1.1 |
A116 | Schmidt | 2002 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N b | N | High | C2.0 |
A122 | Stevinson | 2003 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N b | N | High | C2.0 |
A278 | Sencer | 2012 | U | Y | Y | Y | N | N b | Y | High | C2.1 |
A130 | Weiser | 1994 | Y | U | Y | Y | N | N | Y | High | C2.1 |
A43 | Aabel | 2000 | U | U | Y | Y | Y | N b | N | High | C2.2 |
A44 | Aabel | 2000 | U | U | Y | Y | N | N b | U | High | C2.2 |
A42 | Aabel | 2001 | U | U | U | Y | Y | N b | N | High | C2.3 |
A132 | Wiesenauer | 1989 | U | U | Y | U | N | N | Y | High | C2.3 |
A53 | Bernstein | 2006 | U | U | U | U | U | N b | N | High | C2.5 |
A69 | Friese | 2007 | U | U | U | U | N | N | N | High | C3.4 |
A88 | Kolia-Adam | 2008 | N | U | U | U | U | N | N | High | C3.4 |
A95 | McCutcheon | 1996 | U | U | U | U | N | N b | N | High | C3.4 |
A51 | Belon | 2007 | N | N | N d | N | N | N b | U | High | C6.1 |