Table 1 Study quality/risk of bias for individual included studies
From: A systematic review of St. John’s wort for major depressive disorder
Study ID | Recruitment method (random sequence generation) | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting of outcome data | Other: all receive TAU, only treatment group receives SJW (no placebo for controls) | Other: appropriate washout period or exclusion of individuals taking personal supplements | Other: baseline assessment, appropriate statistical analysis, COI) | USPSTF quality rating (good, fair, poor) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Behnke, 2002 [17] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Bernhardt, 1993 [16] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | High risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Unclear risk | Poor |
Bjerkenstedt, 2005 [18] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Brenner, 2000 [19] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Fava, 2005 [20] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Gastpar, 2005 [21] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Gastpar, 2006 [22] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
HDTSG, 2002 [23] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Hangsen, 1994 [48] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Harrer, 1993 [24] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Harrer, 1999 [25] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Kalb, 2001 [26] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Kasper, 2006 [27] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Kasper, 2008 [28] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Fair |
Laakmann, 1998 [29] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Lecrubier, 2002 [30] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Lenoir, 1999 [31] | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Liu, 2010 [32] | High risk | Unclear risk | High risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Mannel, 2010 [33] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Montgomery, 2000 [34] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Unclear risk | Poor |
Moreno, 2005 [35] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Pakseresht, 2012 [36] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Philipp, 1999 [37] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Rahman, 2008 [38] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Schrader, 1998 [40] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Schrader, 2000 [39] | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Shelton, 2001 [41] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Szegedi, 2005 [42] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
Uebelhack, 2004 [43] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Volz, 2000 [50] | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Vorbach, 1997 [44] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Poor |
Wheatley, 1997 [45] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Witte. 1995 [49] | Unclear risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Good |
Woelk, 2000 [46] | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |
van Gurp, 2002 [47] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear risk | Low risk | NA | Low risk | Fair |