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Table 1 International ankle consortium classification of CAI participants

From: Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a protocol for a systematic review of systematic reviews

Chronic ankle instability inclusion/exclusion criteria

Inclusion

 

History of at least 1 significant ankle sprain that resulted in inflammation and impaired physical activity. Initial ankle sprain should occur ≥12 months prior to testing. The most recent sprain should be ≥3 months.

 

≥2 episodes of “giving way” and/or recurrent ankle sprain and/or feelings of instability at the ankle that does not result in an ankle sprain.

 

Self-reported ankle instability should be confirmed by a validated ankle instability questionnaire (e.g. the Ankle Instability Index, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, Identification of Functional Ankle Instability). Degree of instability should be included if relevant to research question (using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure or Foot and Ankle Outcome Score).

Exclusion

 

History of previous surgeries to musculoskeletal structures including bone, ligaments and/or nerve.

 

History of ankle fracture in either lowe limb requiring realignment.

 

Acute injury to musculoskeletal structures (sprain, strain or fracture) in the 3 months prior to testing.