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Table 1 Suggested data to be extracted from eligible papers

From: Pre-clinical evaluation of therapies to prevent or treat bone non-union: a systematic review protocol

Publication details

Authors, year of study, year of publication, geographical location of study, language of paper, funding sources

Study design and quality

Sample size, p values, methods to randomise, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessment.

Model of non-union

Non-union vs delayed union

Species of animal

Mouse, rat, etc.

Characteristics of animal

Age, weight, strain, sex, genetic modification, co-morbidities

Nature of insult

Location of bony insult (tibia, femur, etc.), fracture model (segmental vs non-segmental), osteotomy technique, size of osteotomy, closed vs open, critical vs non-critical size defect, fixation vs no fixation, internal vs external fixation (if fixation used), isolated or multiple locations,

Additional insults (other than bony defects)

Infection, contamination, immunosuppression, soft tissue injury, vascular injury.

Nature of intervention

Type of intervention (pharmacological vs non-pharmacological), time point that intervention was applied to animal model post-fracture creation, frequency of intervention (single vs recurrent), duration of intervention, systemic or local dosing

Duration of follow-up

Single vs multiple time points of follow-up

Outcome measures

Morphometrical analysis (e.g. histology, radiology), biomechanical analysis (e.g. torsional stiffness)

Results

Main findings, direction of effect, effect sizes and uncertainty, statistical significance, length and adequacy of follow-up, early animal death

Additional insults (other than bony defects)

Infection, contamination, immunosuppression, soft tissue injury, vascular injury.