Table 1 Data elements, category, sources and existing automation work
From: Automating data extraction in systematic reviews: a systematic review
Data element | Category | Included in standards | Published method to extract? |
|---|---|---|---|
Total number of participants | Participants | Cochrane, PICO, PECODR, PIBOSO, STARD | |
Settings | Participants | Cochrane, CONSORT, STARD | No |
Diagnostic criteria | Participants | Cochrane, STARD | No |
Age | Participants | Cochrane, STARD | |
Sex | Participants | Cochrane, STARD | |
Country | Participants | Cochrane | |
Co-morbidity | Participants | Cochrane, STARD | Yes [21] |
Socio-demographics | Participants | Cochrane, STARD | No |
Spectrum of presenting symptoms, current treatments, recruitment centers | Participants | STARD | |
Ethnicity | Participants | Cochrane | Yes [41] |
Date of study | Participants | Cochrane | Yes [39] |
Date of recruitment and follow-up | Participants | CONSORT, STARD | No |
Participant sampling | Participants | STARD | No |
Total number of intervention groups | Intervention | Cochrane | |
Specific intervention | Intervention | Cochrane, PICO, PIBOSO, PECODR | |
Intervention details (sufficient for replication, if feasible) | Intervention | Cochrane, CONSORT | Yes [36] |
Integrity of intervention | Intervention | Cochrane | No |
Outcomes and time points (i) collected; (ii) reported | Outcomes | Cochrane, CONSORT, PICO, PECODR, PIBOSO | |
Outcome definition (with diagnostic criteria if relevant) | Outcomes | Cochrane | No |
Unit of measurement (if relevant) | Outcomes | Cochrane | No |
For scales: upper and lower limits, and whether high or low score is good | Outcomes | Cochrane | No |
Comparison | Comparisons | PICO, PECODR | |
Sample size | Results | Cochrane, CONSORT | |
Missing participants | Results | Cochrane | No |
Summary data for each intervention group (e.g. 2 × 2 table for dichotomous data; means and SDs for continuous data) | Results | Cochrane, PECODR, STARD | No |
Estimate of effect with confidence interval; P value | Results | Cochrane | No |
Subgroup analyses | Results | Cochrane | No |
Adverse events and side effects for each study group | Results | CONSORT, STARD | No |
Overall evidence | Interpretation | CONSORT | |
Generalizability: external validity of trial findings | Interpretation | CONSORT | Yes [25] |
Research questions and hypotheses | Objectives | CONSORT, PECODR, PIBOSO, STARD | |
Reference standard and its rationale | Method | STARD | No |
Technical specifications of material and methods involved including how and when measurements were taken, and/or cite references for index tests and reference standard | Method | STARD | No |
Study design | Method | Cochrane, PIBOSO | |
Total study duration | Method | Cochrane, PECODR | |
Sequence generation | Method | Cochrane | Yes [27] |
Allocation sequence concealment | Method | Cochrane | Yes [27] |
Blinding | Method | Cochrane, CONSORT, STARD | Yes [27] |
Methods used to generate random allocation sequence, implementation | Method | CONSORT, STARD | Yes [25] |
Other concerns about bias | Method | Cochrane | No |
Methods used to compare groups for primary outcomes and for additional analyses | Method | CONSORT, STARD | No |
Methods for calculating test reproducibility | Method | STARD | No |
Definition and rationale for the units, cutoffs and/or categories of the results of the index tests and reference standard | Method | STARD | No |
Number, training, and expertise of the persons executing and reading the index tests and the reference standard | Method | STARD | No |
Participant flow: flow of participants through each stage: randomly assigned, received intended treatment, completed study, analyzed for primary outcome, inclusion and exclusion criteria | Method | CONSORT | |
Funding source | Miscellaneous | Cochrane | No |
Key conclusions of the study authors | Miscellaneous | Cochrane | Yes [26] |
Clinical applicability of the study findings | Miscellaneous | STARD | No |
Miscellaneous comments from the study authors | Miscellaneous | Cochrane | No |
References to other relevant studies | Miscellaneous | Cochrane | No |
Correspondence required | Miscellaneous | Cochrane | No |
Miscellaneous comments by the review authors | Miscellaneous | Cochrane | No |