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Table 1 Relevant data extraction information

From: Assessing cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines with decision analytic models: what are the distinct challenges of low- and middle-income countries? A protocol for a systematic review

Data extraction category

Specific information to extract

A. Model characteristics

Model

Author(s), year of publication, model design (static model, dynamic model, or hybrid model)

Perspective

Providers, patients, or societal perspective

Benefits (QALY, DALY, YLS)

Measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life saved (YLS)

B. Base-case assumptions

Current routine practice efficacy

Efficacy of the current screening practice (cytology-based screening, DNA screening, or visual inspection with acetic acid) used as the comparator

Screening age/screening interval

Age at which women commence screening and screening interval

Vaccine coverage in target groups

Current HPV vaccination coverage

Age for vaccination

Age group eligible to receive HPV vaccination

Estimated effective coverage

HPV vaccination coverage and the rationale for the assumption

Screening compliance

Estimate used for comparison with current practice

Sensitivity/specificity of the screening

Sensitivity/specificity estimate for the screening methods

Duration of vaccine protection

Total length of time HPV vaccination is assumed to protect the recipient from acquiring infection

Cost of vaccine per three doses (and booster if included)

Market cost or subsidized cost. Other cost associated with vaccination, e.g., freight, storage, and program cost. School-based-delivery cost or health-facility-based delivery cost

Discounting rate

Discounting rate used to adjust for time preference for money

C. Results

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)

The most cost-effective protocol compared with the second best protocol

Year based for currency value

The year which the analysis was conducted

Adjusted ICER (to 2014)

Adjusted ICER to reflect 2014 value

Data sources

Source(s)

Data source used to derive estimates of HPV-related epidemiologic outcomes, e.g., HPV (type-specific) prevalence, cervical cancer incidence, probability of HPV transmission given a sexual partnership, and crude mortality from cervical cancer.

D. Sensitivity and uncertainty

Sensitivity analysis

Parameters that had the highest effect on model-based recommendation.

Uncertainty analysis

The contribution of individual parameters on overall uncertainty (when reported).

E. Miscellaneous

Funding and conflict of interest

Funding for the study and the role of the funder in the study. Possible conflict of interest declared by the author

Factors not taken into account

How did model acknowledge and account for special challenges of the LMIC? Choice of modelling herd immunity