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Table 3 Summary of results

From: A systematic review of the efficacy of self-management programs for increasing physical activity in community-dwelling adults with acquired brain injury (ABI)

Study

Measure used

Results

Brenner et al. [55]

Physical activity

Raw data: No raw data reported.

measure: HPLP-II Physical Activity Subscale

Group comparisons: Data reported as time-by-treatment interaction (P) - no significant differences between the IG and CG in regard to HPLP-II (Physical Activity) (P = 0.2375) or SRAHP (Exercise) (P = 0.3661).

SRAHP Physical Activity & Exercise domain

Both these values reached significance (P = 0.0216 and P = 0.0001 respectively); however, the authors state differences are due to time, not treatment.

Other measures: Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O)

Diener Satisfaction with Life Scale

Damush et al. [8]

Physical activity measure: Self-reported time spent in aerobic activity (min/week)

Raw data [1] :

IG: Baseline = 78.5 min/week; 3 months = mean increase of 47.6 min/week.

CG: Baseline = 107.4 min/week; 3 months = mean decrease of 3 min/week.

Between-group comparison: 3 months: t(51) = 1.18, P ≤0.13, effect size = −0.43;

6 months: P ≤ 0.50, effect size = −0.19

 

Other measures: Stroke-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life (SSQOL)

 

Not all data supplied. At baseline, the IG had significantly lower (worse) scores for several SSQOL scales including mobility, thinking, energy, and work, as well as the total overall score. For both the subscales of Family Roles and Social Roles, the IG improved at 3 months, while the CG declined with differences between the groups reaching significance (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.06, respectively).

Gill and Sullivan [57]

Physical activity measure:

Raw data: Mean (SD) self-ratings.

Cerebrovascular Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-Revised (CABS-R) Exercise subscale

Barriers: IG: T1 = 2.19(0.76), T2 = 2.35(0.67); CG: T1 = 2.22(0.49), T2 = 2.27(0.74)

Benefits: IG: T1 = 3.90(0.73), T2 = 3.94(0.46); CG: T1 = 3.59(0.67), T2 = 3.53(0.60)

Susceptibility: IG: T1 = 3.62(0.86), T2 = 3.69(0.60); CG: T1 = 2.42(0.94), T2 = 2.92(0.61).

Seriousness: IG: T1 = 4.18(1.05), T2 = 4.26(0.76); CG: T1 = 3.71(1.38), T2 = 3.50(1.41)

SOEQ (stages of change, 1 item)

Self-efficacy: IG: T1 = 3.31(0.90), T2 = 3.77(0.53); CG: T1 = 3.13(1.09), T2 = 3.25(1.00)

Subjective norms: IG: T1 = 4.27(0.53), T2 = 4.08(0.53); CG: T1 = 4.06(0.18), T2 = 4.06(0.18)

Within-group comparison: IG showed a significant increase in self-efficacy from baseline to follow up (F(1, 11) = 7.33; P = 0.02).

Between-group comparison: IG reported significantly higher perceptions of susceptibility than CG at both time points (baseline P = 0.007 and 3 weeks P = 0.010). No other differences were found.

The IG had a small movement of 14.3% (n = 2) from the preparation stage to the active stage at 3 weeks which was not seen in the CG on SOEQ categorical data. No other changes were found.

Kim and Kim [58]

Physical activity measure: Physical activity: MET minutes/week

Raw data: Median (range)

IG: Baseline = 462.0 (0.0 to 3,942.0), 8 weeks = 1,365.5 (132.0 to 4,158.0)

CG: Baseline = 984.0 (0.0 to 6,906.6), 8 weeks = 990.0 (0.0 to 25,638.0)

Other measures: General Self-Efficacy Scale

Within-group comparison: IG showed significant increase in weekly MET minutes at 8 weeks with a difference in median between baseline and 8 weeks to be 601.5 MET min/week (range −2,628.0 to 3696.0; T = 149; P = 0.001); CG showed a non-significant change with a difference in median to be 133.0 MET min/week (range −4,976.0 to 25,638.0; T = −30.50; P = 0.474).

 

Between-group comparison: Difference in change over 8 weeks was significantly different between groups in favor of IG (T = 692.50; P = 0.002).

No significant differences found within groups or between groups in general self-efficacy.

Sit et al. [59]

Physical activity measure: Participation in walking exercise

Raw data: Percentages reported; T0 = baseline, T1 = postone week, T2 = 3 months

IG: T0 = 78.9%, T1 = 78.9%, T2 = 77.1%

CG: T0 = 72.3%, T1 = 63.9%, T2 = 55.4%

Within-group comparison: At 3 months: IG Q = 0.051; P = 0.975, CG Q = 7.697; P = 0.021

Between-group comparison: At 3 months, there was a significant difference between groups in favor of the IG (P < 0.001)

  1. Data from Damush et al. (2011) included 6 month data that reported a mean increase in the IG of 24.4 min/week and a mean increase in the CG of 4 min/week, with a between-group comparison of t(52) = −0.69, P ≤ 0.50, effect size = −0.19; however, this data was not reported in this table as it was unclear as to whether these increases were from baseline or from 3 months.