Evidence-based mapping of design heterogeneity prior to meta-analysis: a systematic review and evidence synthesis

Table 1 Publications and cohorts that report the relationship between measures of dietary sugar intake and type 2 diabetes

		Macronutrients
Cohorts (reference)	Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) - broadly defined^a	Total sugars^b	Sucrose	Fructose	Glucose	Fructose and glucose
>25,000 Participants
BWHS [28]	√
EPIC-All [29, 30]	√⁽²⁹⁾	√⁽³⁰⁾
EPIC-FR [31]	√
EPIC-NL [32]		√
EPIC-P [33]			√	√	√
HPFS [34, 35]	√
IWHS [36]			√	√	√
JPHC [37]	√
MelC [38]		√
NHS [35, 39, 40]	√^(35,39)		√⁽⁴⁰⁾
NHSII [41]	√
SCHS [42]	√
WHS [43]		√	√	√	√
10,000 TO 24,999 Participants
ARIC [44]	√
5000 to 9,999 Participants
MESA [45]	√
1000 to 4,999 Participants
EPIC-Nor [46]		√	√	√	√
FMC [47]	√	√	√	√	√	√
Jfact [48]	√
Total publications:	15	6	6	5	5	1
Total unique cohorts represented^c	11	4	6	5	5	1
	9 Publications: 8 Cohorts

^aSSB was broadly defined to include studies that defined sweetened beverages as either SSB only or as soft drinks (either sugar or artificially sweetened).
^bTotal sugars = disaccharides and monosaccharides.
^cTotal cohorts represented enumerates unique cohorts. Eight of 10 countries are represented in EPIC-All, which overlaps with country specific EPIC publications except for Norway and Greece.
ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; WHS, Women’s Health Study (B, Black, I, Iowa); EPIC-All, P, N, NL, FR, European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (InterAct Study, Potsdam, Norfolk, Netherlands, France); FMC, Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey; HPFS, Health Professional’s Follow up Study; Jfact, Study of Japanese factory workers; JPHC, Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study; MESA, Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; NHS, Nurse’s Health Study; SCHS, Singapore Chinese Study.

ISSN: 2046-4053