|
Drug use-related behavior
|
|
Response to treatment
|
Abstaining from illicit opioid use throughout treatment duration
|
Urine screening
|
Percentage
|
[36–39]
|
|
Self reported opioid use (daily or weekly) over specified time period
|
Mixed model ANOVA Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic
|
|
Treatment retention or duration
|
Proportion of participants completing treatment; days in treatment from first to last day of therapy
|
Number of days patient remains in treatment
|
Cox proportional hazards model
|
[36–38]
|
|
Proportion of patients retained in treatment for pre-specified duration of study
|
Kaplan-Meier survival curve
|
|
Remission status post-treatment
|
Abstinence from use of illicit opioids at follow-up
|
Urine screening
|
t-test
|
[37, 39–41]
|
|
Self-reported opioid use (any) after treatment
|
2x2 factorial ANOVA
|
|
Polysubstance use
|
Use of at least two (non-opioid) substances throughout the course of treatment
|
Self-reported use of substances daily or weekly or in last 30 days
|
Percentage
|
[37, 38]
|
|
Fischer’s Exact Test
|
|
Net reduction in proportion of drug abuse after specific duration
|
|
Health and methadone-related outcomes
|
|
Methadone dose
|
Average daily methadone dose
|
Milligrams/day
|
Difference in means (SD)
|
[38]
|
|
Mean methadone dose after specific duration in treatment
|
|
Drug-related adverse events
|
Reaction to treatment drug
|
Interview/physical examination
|
Percentage
|
[17]
|
|
Number of hospitalizations
|
t-test
|
|
Health status
|
Change in health status during course of therapy
|
Interview/physical examination
|
ANOVA
|
[17, 40]
|
|
Number of hospitalizations
|
|
Psychological status
|
Comorbidity of psychiatric disorders
|
Self-reported psychiatric problems
|
Percentage
|
[17, 42–44]
|
|
Number of reported symptoms
|
Relative risk
|
|
Validated psychiatric assessments
|
ANOVA
|
|
Chi-square
|
|
Mortality
|
Treatment-related death or illicit drug use mortality
|
Mortality causes
|
Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) Kaplan-Meier survival curve
|
[45]
|
|
Number of deaths
|
|
Annual death rate per year of age
|
|
Sociobehavioral functioning
|
|
Criminal behavior
|
Involvement in illegal activities, arrests, or incarcerations throughout treatment or at follow-up
|
Interview/self-report
|
Percentage
|
[17, 37, 39]
|
|
Current legal status
|
t-test
|
|
ANOVA
|
|
High-risk sexual behavior
|
Involvement in behaviors that put the patient at high risk for HIV and other infections
|
Use of injection methods (30 days prior)
|
Weighted least-squares estimation procedure
|
[46, 47]
|
|
Number of sex partners
|
Repeated measures ANOVA
|
|
Incidence of unprotected sex
|
|
Social relations/support
|
Patient’s relationship status and conception of his/her relationship with others
|
Self-report
|
ANOVA
|
[17]
|
|
Number of close friends/family
|
|
Marital and family status
|
|
Ratings of interactions
|
|
Employment
|
Status of employment and evidence of financial income
|
Change in self-reported employment status during treatment
|
Percentage
|
[17, 37, 39, 40]
|
|
Difference in means (SD)
|
|
Employment status after treatment
|
|
ANOVA, analysis of variance.
|
