Outcomes
|
No. of studies
|
Sample size
|
MD
|
95% CI
|
τ
2
|
I
2
|
MD
|
95% CrI
|
τ
|
95% CrI
|
---|
D + E vs. D
|
BW (kg)
|
17
|
2,317
|
-1.38
|
[-1.98, -0.79]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-1.38
|
[-2.62, -0.17]
|
2.06
|
[1.37, 2.96]
|
WC (cm)
|
8
|
1,124
|
-1.68
|
[-2.66, -0.70]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-1.69
|
[-3.32, -0.20]
|
1.36
|
[0.07, 3.43]
|
FM (kg)
|
9
|
1,012
|
-1.65
|
[-2.81, -0.49]
|
1.95
|
61%
|
-1.89
|
[-3.44, -0.43]
|
2.08
|
[1.29, 3.24]
|
WHR (U)
|
6
|
646
|
-0.01
|
[-0.02, -0.01]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-0.01
|
[-0.05, 0.03]
|
0.06
|
[0.04, 0.10]
|
TC (mg/dl)
|
9
|
1,175
|
-2.19
|
[-7.84, 3.46]
|
54.09
|
62%
|
-2.51
|
[-7.61, 2.29]
|
5.42
|
[0.86, 10.84]
|
LDL-C (mg/dl)
|
8
|
1,147
|
-0.93
|
[-6.14, 4.27]
|
45.03
|
65%
|
-1.54
|
[-6.16, 3.14]
|
5.29
|
[1.26, 9.97]
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
9
|
1,175
|
1.62
|
[0.28, 2.95]
|
2.46
|
51%
|
-1.29
|
[-1.38, 3.86]
|
4.03
|
[2.38, 6.33]
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
9
|
1,175
|
-10.08
|
[-17.38, -2.79]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-9.90
|
[-19.98, -0.96]
|
7.28
|
[0.37, 19.4]
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
7
|
1,099
|
-1.20
|
[-2.26, -0.15]
|
0.74
|
28%
|
-1.10
|
[-2.34, 0.01]
|
0.92
|
[0.04, 2.45]
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
7
|
1,099
|
-0.24
|
[-1.45, 0.97]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-0.39
|
[-1.89, 1.01]
|
0.87
|
[0.04, 2.62]
|
VO2 max (ml/kg/min)
|
6
|
810
|
3.61
|
[2.07, 5.14]
|
4.19
|
88%
|
3.75
|
[2.28, 5.32]
|
1.94
|
[1.13, 3.18]
|
D + E vs. E
|
BW (kg)
|
9
|
1,350
|
-4.13
|
[-5.62, -2.64]
|
4.36
|
77%
|
-4.32
|
[-5.74, -2.90]
|
2.06
|
[1.37, 2.96]
|
WC (cm)
|
3
|
409
|
-3.00
|
[-5.81, -0.20]
|
5.24
|
69%
|
-3.45
|
[-5.32, -1.23]
|
1.36
|
[0.07, 3.43]
|
FM (kg)
|
5
|
690
|
-3.60
|
[-6.15, -1.05]
|
8.82
|
92%
|
-3.87
|
[-5.61, -2.18]
|
2.08
|
[1.29, 3.24]
|
WHR (U)
|
4
|
420
|
-0.01
|
[-0.02, -0.00]
|
0.00
|
15%
|
-0.007
|
[-0.06, 0.04]
|
0.06
|
[0.04, 0.10]
|
TC (mg/dl)
|
4
|
420
|
-11.36
|
[-15.93, -6.79]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-7.50
|
[-13.47, -1.39]
|
5.42
|
[0.86, 10.84]
|
LDL-C (mg/dl)
|
4
|
420
|
-10.03
|
[-14.28, -5.78]
|
2.22
|
8%
|
-5.90
|
[-11.39, -0.23]
|
5.29
|
[1.26, 9.97]
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
4
|
420
|
-0.34
|
[-2.82, 2.14]
|
6.80
|
76%
|
0.17
|
[-3.14, 3.32]
|
4.03
|
[2.38, 6.33]
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
4
|
420
|
-11.18
|
[-26.99, 4.62]
|
138.3
|
38%
|
-13.34
|
[-25.92, -2.12]
|
7.28
|
[0.37, 19.4]
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
4
|
420
|
-2.06
|
[-3.39, -0.72]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-2.22
|
[-3.93, -0.74]
|
0.92
|
[0.04, 2.45]
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
4
|
420
|
-2.84
|
[-4.54, -1.13]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-2.70
|
[-4.57, -0.85]
|
0.87
|
[0.04, 2.62]
|
VO2 max (ml/kg/min)
|
5
|
645
|
2.13
|
[1.52, 2.74]
|
0.05
|
9%
|
2.24
|
[0.57, 3.90]
|
1.94
|
[1.13, 3.18]
|
D vs. E
|
BW (kg)
|
13
|
1,638
|
-2.93
|
[-4.18, -1.68]
|
3.70
|
73%
|
-2.93
|
[-4.20, -1.66]
|
2.06
|
[1.37, 2.96]
|
WC (cm)
|
4
|
539
|
-1.75
|
[-4.12, 0.62]
|
4.80
|
71%
|
-1.76
|
[-3.48, 0.44]
|
1.36
|
[0.07, 3.43]
|
FM (kg)
|
9
|
964
|
-2.20
|
[-3.75, -0.66]
|
4.66
|
82%
|
-1.97
|
[-3.45, -0.45]
|
2.08
|
[1.29, 3.24]
|
WHR (U)
|
4
|
414
|
-0.00
|
[-0.01, 0.01]
|
0.00
|
16%
|
0.002
|
[-0.05, 0.05]
|
0.06
|
[0.04, 0.10]
|
TC (mg/dl)
|
7
|
665
|
-3.91
|
[-8.11, 0.30]
|
9.04
|
22%
|
-4.98
|
[-10.22, 0.64]
|
5.42
|
[0.86, 10.84]
|
LDL-C (mg/dl)
|
7
|
665
|
-3.19
|
[-6.85, 0.48]
|
6.45
|
21%
|
-4.36
|
[-9.25, 0.70]
|
5.29
|
[1.26, 9.97]
|
HDL-C (mg/dl)
|
7
|
665
|
-0.96
|
[-1.88, -0.04]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-1.12
|
[-4.06, -1.76]
|
4.03
|
[2.38, 6.33]
|
TG (mg/dl)
|
7
|
665
|
-3.80
|
[-12.21, 4.62]
|
0.00
|
0%
|
-3.44
|
[-13.99, 6.65]
|
7.28
|
[0.37, 19.4]
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
6
|
573
|
-1.33
|
[-3.00, 0.35]
|
11.19
|
37%
|
-1.12
|
[-2.67, 0.31]
|
0.92
|
[0.04, 2.45]
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
6
|
578
|
-2.19
|
[-4.23, -0.15]
|
2.07
|
25%
|
-2.31
|
[-4.10, 0.51]
|
0.87
|
[0.04, 2.62]
|
VO2 max (ml/kg/min)
|
6
|
677
|
-1.16
|
[-2.42, 0.09]
|
2.17
|
80%
|
-1.15
|
[-3.16, 0.04]
|
1.94
|
[1.13, 3.18]
|
-
BW body weight, CI confidence intervals, D diet, DBP diastolic blood pressure, D + E diet and exercise, E exercise, FM fat mass, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triacyglycerols, VO
2
max maximal oxygen uptake, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio.