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1. Random sequence generation
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Selection bias
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2. Allocation concealment
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Selection bias
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3. Blinding of participants and personnel
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Performance bias
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4a. Blinding of outcome assessment - subjective outcomes
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Detection bias; e.g. depression symptoms measured on a standardized self-report questionnaire
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4b. Blinding of outcome assessment - objective outcomes
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Detection bias; e.g. depression remission measured by a structured clinical interview
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5. Incomplete outcome data
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Attrition bias
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6. Selective reporting
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Reporting bias
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7. Other bias
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e.g. when bias may seriously alter the results, such as improper adjustment for baseline imbalances or funding bias
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