Study Design/Domain/Criterion | Criteria fulfilled | ||
---|---|---|---|
 | n/N | % | |
Cohort studies (11 items) | |||
 | Participation bias | ||
A | Population of interest is adequately described for key characteristics [15] | 7/7 | 100 |
B | Study setting and geographic location is adequately described [15] | 7/7 | 100 |
C | Baseline sample is adequately described for key characteristics [15] | 4/7 | 57 |
D | Inclusion and exclusion criteria are adequately described [15] | 5/7 | 71 |
E | There is adequate participation in the study by all eligible patients [15] | 7/7 | 100 |
 | Attrition bias | ||
F | Follow-up is sufficiently long for outcome to occur (≥6 months) [16, 18, 19, 46] | 6/7 | 86 |
G | 7/7 | 100 | |
 | Outcome measurement | ||
H | Definition of outcome is provided a priori[15] | 7/7 | 100 |
I | Objective definition of outcome is provided [15, 16, 18, 19] | 7/7 | 100 |
 | Data analysis and reporting | ||
J | Alpha error and/or beta error is specified a priori | 2/7 | 29 |
K | Frequencies of most important data (for example, outcomes) are presented [18, 19, 47] | 7/7 | 100 |
Randomized controlled trials (14 items) | |||
 | Participation bias | ||
L | Population of interest is adequately described for key characteristics [15] | 15/15 | 100 |
M | Study setting and geographic location is adequately described [15] | 7/15 | 47 |
N | Baseline sample is adequately described for key characteristics [15] | 14/15 | 93 |
O | Inclusion and exclusion criteria are adequately described [15] | 14/15 | 93 |
P | Patients were balanced in all aspects except the intervention | 15/15 | 93 |
 | Attrition bias | ||
Q | Follow-up is sufficiently long for outcome to occur (≥6 months) [16, 18, 19, 46, 48] | 8/15 | 53 |
R | Proportion of sample completing the study is adequate (≥80%) [15, 16, 18, 47, 49, 50] | 9/15 | 60 |
S | Description of withdrawal (incomplete outcome data) is provided [15, 17] | 15/15 | 100 |
T | Characteristics of drop-outs versus completers is provided [15] | 2/15 | 13 |
 | Outcome measurement | ||
U | Definition of outcome is provided a priori[15] | 15/15 | 100 |
V | Objective definition of outcome is provided [15, 16, 18, 19] | 15/15 | 100 |
 | Data analysis and reporting | ||
W | Alpha error and/or beta error is specified a priori | 7/15 | 47 |
X | Data analysis was based on intention-to-treat analysis principle [17] | 9/15 | 53 |
Y | Frequencies of most important data (for example, outcomes) are presented [18, 19, 47] | 15/15 | 100 |